goods in the process of international commodity transactions or exchanges when and consumption are carried out independently in two or more countries. This activity aims to overcome the spatial and temporal distances between production and consumption, thereby fulfilling the ultimate purpose of international commodity, which is to achieve the delivery of documents, goods, and collection of payment by the seller; and the acceptance of documents, payment of funds, and receipt of goods by the.
International logistics (International Logistics): refers to the physical flow process of items from the supply point in one country (region) to the receiving point in another country ().
The broad scope of international logistics research includes international trade logistics, non-trade logistics, international logistics investment, international logistics cooperation, and international logistics exchanges. Among these international trade logistics mainly refers to the organized flow of goods rationally between countries; non-trade logistics includes international exhibition and exhibit logistics, international postal logistics, etc.; international cooperation refers to the completion of major international economic and technological projects by enterprises of different nationalities through international logistics; international logistics investment refers to the joint investment and construction of international logistics enterprises logistics enterprises of different countries; international logistics exchanges mainly refer to international exchanges in the fields of logistics science, technology, education, training, and management.
The narrow scope international logistics (International Logistics, IL) mainly refers to: when production and consumption are carried out independently in two or more countries (or regions), in order to overcome the and temporal intervals between production and consumption, the logistics movement of goods (commodities) is carried out as an international commodity transaction or exchange activity, thereby fulfilling the ultimate purpose of commodity transactions, which is to achieve the delivery of documents, goods, and collection of payment by the seller, and the acceptance of documents, payment of funds, and receipt of goods the buyer.
The essence of international logistics is to realize the flow and exchange of goods internationally according to the principle of international division of labor, in accordance international practices, by using the network, logistics facilities and logistics technology of internationalization, so as to promote the development of regional economy and the optimization of world resources. The overall of international logistics is to serve international trade and multinational operations, that is, to choose the best way and path, to transport goods from the supplier of a country to the demander another country with the lowest cost and the smallest risk, and to ensure the quality, quantity and timeliness of goods.
Compared with domestic logistics, international logistics has four different in logistics environment, logistics system, information system and standard requirements. The main service objects of international logistics are international trade and multinational management. An very important characteristic of international logistics is difference of logistics environment, mainly refers to the soft environment of logistics. Different countries have different laws adapted to logistics, which increases the complexity of international logistics; Different levels of scientific and development in different countries make international logistics under different scientific and technological conditions, and even some areas can not apply some technologies, resulting in a decline in the level of operation of the international system; Different countries have different standards, which makes it difficult for the international logistics system to establish a unified standard; Different national conditions and characteristics inevitably make international logistics subject to severe.
Due to the differences in logistics environment, it is necessary to force an international logistics system to operate in a variety of different legal, cultural, custom, language, scientific technological environments, which will undoubtedly greatly increase the difficulty and complexity of international logistics action and system.
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